Participative Leadership Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Participative Leadership - Term Paper Example This paper talks about different perspectives and types of participative initiative. Participative administration assumes a significant job in engaging the organization’s individuals just as ingraining discernment that the representatives can set up their work jobs and accomplish considerable work. Participative administration is ostensibly one of the advanced styles of authority that stresses on follower’s point of view and makes a particular initiative style and approach. There are assortments of types of participative authority that can be applied by the administration or the board. Various scholars conceded to particular and significant dynamic strategies to be specific dictatorial, conference, joint choice and assignment. Note that the dynamic systems change from non participative absolutist dynamic which is practically obsolete to extremely participative dynamic techniques. In participative dynamic methods, the individuals have extraordinary effect on the result of the choice made. In any case, there are both positive and negative impacts of coope ration (Ricketts, 2011). Participative authority offers a variety of potential advantages, for example, higher choice quality and overpowering endorsement by the members. The members are regularly happy with the dynamic procedure just as having a decent open door for creating dynamic aptitudes. Participative dynamic procedure may prompt commitment and sharing of information. Individuals from the associations may have fundamental information, ability or aptitudes in explaining the current issue which the pioneer might not have subsequently improving the nature of choice made. Investment in dynamic can additionally settle on the members see the choice as their s by possessing it in this way boosting the execution of the choice. This sort of authority typically accentuate on evasion of issues that bring strife among individuals by either enhancing the issues

Qilinâ€The Chinese Unicorn

Qilin-The Chinese Unicorn The qilin or Chinese unicorn is a legendary brute that represents good karma and flourishing. As per custom in China, Korea, and Japan, a qilin would seem to flag the birth or demise of an especially considerate ruler or sage researcher. Due to its relationship with good karma, and its tranquil, veggie lover nature, the qilin is once in a while called the Chinese unicorn in the western world, yet it doesn't especially take after a horned pony. Actually, the qilin has been portrayed in various manners throughout the hundreds of years. A few portrayals express that it has a solitary horn in its brow consequently the unicorn correlation. Nonetheless, it might likewise have the leader of a winged serpent, the body of a tiger or a deer, and an oxs tail. The qilin is in some cases secured with scales like a fish; at different occasions, it has flares all over its body. In certain stories, it can likewise ramble flares from its mouth to burn insidious individuals. The qilin is commonly a serene animal, nonetheless. Truth be told, when it strolls it steps so softly that it doesnt even curve down the grass. It can likewise stroll over the waters surface. History of the Qilinâ The qilin first showed up in the verifiable record with the Zuo Zhuan, or Chronicle of Zuo, which depicts occasions in China from 722 to 468 BCE. As indicated by these records, the principal Chinese composing framework was interpreted around 3000 BCE from the markings on a qilins back. A qilin should have proclaimed the introduction of Confucius, c. 552 BCE. The organizer of Koreas Goguryeo Kingdom, King Dongmyeong (r. 37-19 BCE), rode a qilin like a pony, as indicated by legend. A lot later, during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), we have strong authentic proof of in any event two qilin appearing in China in 1413. In reality, they were giraffes from the bank of Somalia; the extraordinary chief of naval operations Zheng He took them back to Beijing after his fourth journey (1413-14). The giraffes were quickly broadcasted to be qilin. The Yongle Emperor was normally very satisfied to have the image of astute administration appear during his rule, civility of the Treasure Fleet. Albeit customary portrayals of the qilin had an a lot shorter neck than any giraffes, the relationship between the two creatures stays solid right up 'til today. In both Korea and Japan, the term for giraffe is kirin, or qilin. Across East Asia, the qilin is one of the four respectable creatures, alongside the monster, the phoenix, and the tortoise. Individual qilin are said to live for a long time and can carry children to meriting guardians much in the way of storks in Europe. Elocution: chee-lihn

Joan Sony Cherian Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

Joan Sony Cherian English (H) 2 nd year Teacher Themeem T American Literature October 8 th 2016 Memory in Tennessee Williams G girl Menagerie It was Tennessee W illiams who previously instituted the possibility of a memory pla y concerning his play the Glass Menagerie . A memory play by exacting definition is a play which is memory, a memory of a character of the play and in this manner seen th unpleasant his/her viewpoint.in the G young lady Menagerie in particula r the play is being presented by T om who is additionally a character in the play. His memory, the play is about his sister Laura and Amanda and about a man of his word guest who stays with them. The target of this paper would be to all the more fundamentally investigate the idea of memory in the play. This paper plans to uncover the different manners by which memor y is showed over the span of the story particularly in how the past recollections of each character influence them , how the possibility of memory turns into a kind of figment for the characters in the play and ultimately on how one arrangement s with stage heading and settings with regards to a memo ry play. American performance center became out of the evolving monetary, social and political frameworks in the nation. The ascent of industrialism and globalization , ascent of the material istic and consumerist culture all added to the ascent of realisti c theater, which was additionally isolated into two different groups which were Naturalism and E xpressionism . N aturalism being the way of thinking which propounds that since man is a characteristic being he is consistently casualty to his own wants and expanding physical necessities wherein expressi onism got subjectivity to the possibility of the truth. While Tennessee W illiam ' s plays ar e for the most part reflecti ve of the over two developments they are not so much kept to them. E combining ideas of Nihilism and E x is tentialism are there all through the play. The primary topics of Tennessee plays are thoughts of the broken family, distance, the American se lf-picture , divided reality, sexual debasement, existen tialist tension and a clear testing of puritan ethical quality. Going to the G young lady M enagerie specifically, t he play set in seven scenes is the remembering of T om ' s recollections about his family. The pl ay begins with T om presenting his family, the W ingfield family. His mom Amanda Wingfield is a lady who is interminably stuck previously, thinking back her g ay and modest past. The main opportunity when she comes out of her dream is to worry about her youngsters explicitly about T om not being eager and thinking about the family and about L quality , her little girl not getting a legitimate spouse nor instruction . Laura W ingfiel d, Tom's sister then again is a timid and reclusiv e. Being disabled since birth had negatively affected her self-assurance and in this way she resigns to her own universe of her assortment of glass creatures and her dad's old phonographic records. T om ' s father being spoken to by only an image having gone gaga for significant distance had left the family quite a while back. The other character which acco mplishment ures in the play is Jim O'Connor , T om ' s companion from the shoe production line and the imminent courteous fellow guest who is going to evidently whisk Laura of her feet. Tom Wingfi e l d both a character and the storyteller of the play is a wonderful soul who longs for experience and sentiment yet is caught inside the limits of his family and the main outlet he has are his common outings to the films and his typewriter. Returning to the possibility of memory Edward L S ayers in his paper memory and the south says that the unexpected enthusiasm for memory cam e due to the democratization of history, there is a consistently expanding need to know and characterize history all the more personally and in one's own terms. One generally has a ne ed t o characterize oneself

An Effective Way For Small Business Owners - 780 Words

The most effective way for small business owners to be sure that they are aware of their company’s financial status is to have an accurate balance sheet that reflects the most current information available. By keeping this information up to date every quarter, you can help yourself avoid a lot of problems and surprises down the road. A balance sheet provides you with an at-a-glance summary of your company’s financial health as of a specific day. It is broken down into what the business’s assets are, what the business’s liabilities are, and the amount of owner or shareholder equity. The balance sheet gets its name from the fact that the assets must be balanced by and equal to the liabilities plus the equity. Some business owners have†¦show more content†¦Current liabilities include accounts payable, sales and payroll taxes, payments on short-term business loans such as a line of credit, and income taxes. Long-term liabilities are those that are paid over a longer period of time, generally over more than a year. These include mortgages and leases, future employee benefits, deferred taxes and long-term loans. Understanding the Equity Portion of the Balance Sheet When entering information onto the equity portion of the balance sheet, you should include the value of any capital stock that has been issued, any additional payments or capital from investors beyond the par value of the stock, and the net income that has been kept by the business rather than distributed to owners and shareholders. In order to be sure that all of the information on the balance sheet is correct, you can double-check your numbers by subtracting assets from liabilities – the result should equal the equity amount. For more information on how to structure a balance sheet, check out this website: sample balance sheet. The Value of a Balance Sheet At first glance a balance sheet may look like an incomprehensible collection of numbers, but once you understand all of the various components and how they relate to one another, they will provide you with the opportunity to detect trends and spot issues before they become problems. Your balance sheet can alert you to: Times when inventory is outpacing revenue, thusShow MoreRelatedHow to Use Social Media for Small Business Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pagesprobably the most cost effective marketing tool available that allowed businesses to manage brand reputation, advertise, served customer, broadcast, and network (Fine, 2010). The social media has become a widespread phenomenon and global trend because of the popularity of Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest and Facebook (Hinchcliffe Kim, 2012). In the recent study conducted by LinkedIn, 94% of small businesses use social media as a marketing tool and 49% use it for research to grow business (Weiss, 2014). TheRead MoreKnowledge of Accounting System as Effective Tools in the Decision-Making of Micro Enterprises1343 Words   |  5 PagesRecently, on July of year 2009, the International Accounting Standards’ Board (IASB) released the International Financial Reporting Standards for Small and Medium-Sized Entities (IFRS for SMEs) . Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) encompass 99.6% of all registered business in the country and occupy 70% of the labor force (Department of Trade and Industry [DTI], 2010). This makes them an essential unit in the economical aspect of the country. Also, according to DTI, their major role entailsRead MoreConcept Of Culture For Organizational Business1519 Words   |  7 Pagessignificance of the concept of culture for organizational business, we first must identify the two theories of culture theory and organizational theory. 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The process of securing funds can also be problematic for most start-ups and small business because of the unwillingness of most traditional banks to provide funds to small borrowersRead MoreTime Management Tips For Employers953 Words   |  4 PagesEmployers If you are an employer and small business owner, time management becomes critical for making the most of your business, achieving your goals and even fostering loyalty from customers and employees. The following five time-saving tips will help you get more done in your available time without generating stress or working 80-hour weeks. 1. Planning Your Work Planning your work is the most important strategy for effective time management. The small business owner can t do everything personallyRead MoreEssay about Employee Motivation1702 Words   |  7 Pagesworkers apply to their jobs. In the increasingly competitive business environment of recent years, finding ways to motivate employees has become a pressing concern for many managers. In fact, a number of different theories and methods of employee motivation have emerged, ranging from monetary incentives to increased involvement and empowerment. Employee motivation can sometimes be particularly problematic for small businesses, where the owner often has spent so many years building a company that he/sheRead MoreSuccess And Success : An Analysis Of Startup Business1124 Words   |  5 PagesStartup businesses should consider that a successful business marketing plan has little to do with a gut feeling or a hunch; it is rather based on sound market research. A competitive advantage will be given to any small business that realizes this. This is not however, where entrepreneurs focus there attentions. Even though well done market research is crucial for understanding the competition, most entrepreneur ideas center on entrepreneur business opportunities and creating successful products. If

Harriet Beecher Stowe s Uncle Tom s Cabin And Olaudah

Sydney Sanders Ms. Johnson American Literature 2301-60 December 1, 2015 American Slave Literature Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Olaudah Equiano’s Narrative of his Life both endeavor to stir antislavery sentiment in predominantly white, proslavery readers. Each author uses a variety of literary tactics to persuade audiences that slavery is inhumane. Equiano uses vivid imagery and inserts personal experience to appeal to audiences, believing that a first-hand account of the varying traumas slaves encounter would affect change. Stowe relies on emotional connection between the readers and characters in her novel. By forcing her audience to have empathy for characters, thus forcing readers to confront the harsh realities of slavery, Stowe has the more effective approach to encouraging abolitionist sentiment in white readers. When looking at a full version of Olaudah Equiano’s Narrative, the reader is immediately presented with an image of Equiano holding a Bible open to Acts. Equiano later explains his religi ous beliefs in chapter 10 of the Narrative. This has often been interpreted as a plot for Equiano to gain the trust of readers, who at this point in time placed high value in religion, however Professor Eileen Elrod views this as interpretation as dismissal of Equiano’s Christianity as a result of assimilation to the Western world. Elrod notes, â€Å"if we take the facile view that he is simply using religion to manipulate readers, or we see him as simplyShow MoreRelatedSlavery in American Literature1590 Words   |  7 Pagespublic an account of slavery was Olaudah Equiano. Perhaps the most eloquent accont was written by Harriet Jacobs. Sojurner Truth and Stephen Douglas laster wrote powerful accounts. Several great pieces of American literature addressed the slave issue. Harriet Beecher Stowe The most important ante-bellum (pre-War work)was Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin (1852). Stowe was virtually unknown when she wrote the book. She was influenced by the experience s of two teenage Maryland slave girlsRead MoreIndividual Rhetorical Analysis Of The Selected Readings2297 Words   |  10 PagesIndividual rhetorical analysis of the selected readings by Olaudah Equiano, Harriet Jacobs, Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Beecher Stowe are necessary to arrive at a collective analysis of the most effective strategies. Olaudah Equiano’s â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavas Vassa, the African† was first published in 1789 in London, England (687). Equiano’s narrative is informative; however, it is critical of the treatment of slaves and persuasive in its appeals to

Comparing the attitude towards terroism in out of the blue and the right word free essay sample

The use of dramatic monologue allows Armitage to explore the thoughts and feelings of a victim of conflict. This extract comes from a much longer poem called ‘Out of the Blue’, commissioned by Channel 5 for the fifth anniversary of the bombing of the Twin Towers in 2001. The powerful TV images of the planes flying into the buildings, the subsequent fires and the collapse of the Towers captured the events, as they happened, for a stunned and horrified worldwide audience. Nearly 3000 people died in the attack, 67 of which were British. The title describes the perfectly blue skies of September 11th 2001, and the absolute suddenness and surprise of the attack. There is a sense that even in those skies, where nothing could be hidden, danger is lurking. In Stanza 1 there are direct quotes relating to the disaster. ‘You have picked me out’ this directly addresses the TV viewer / partner /reader, identifying the speaker in a specific context in relation to the video images, and establishing a particular relationship between speaker / victim and passive, powerless, horror-struck watcher. ‘a white cotton shirt is twirling, turning’. The use of ‘white’ is suggestive of innocence, peace or surrender. In Stanza 2 the speaker is introduced as very active(‘waving, waving’), but also with a sense of vulnerability (‘Small in the clouds’) and of his own plight and doom (‘a soul worth saving’) In Stanza 3 ‘So when will you come? ’ This puts the reader put on the spot. ‘Do you think you are watching, watching / a man shaking crumbs / or pegging out washing? ’ This invites us to consider our own response, to move beyond overwhelming and enthralling images and acknowledge the victims. In Stanza 4 ‘trying and trying’ the use of ‘and’ breaks pattern of poem and suggests determination. It considers the psychological impact of the situation, the burning building, on the speaker; he is defiant but there is an ebbing of hope. The poem shows how, in the modern world, conflict isn’t confined to a battlefield, and terrorism intrudes on everyone’s life. The longer poem establishes the speaker’s ‘master of the universe’ character, a financier looking down from his office, but he is trapped in the burning building, and the tone of the extract is desperate and pleading. The poem is a dramatic monologue ? Armitage imagines a character from the TV footage, and invites the reader, who is already a witness to this event, to also see it from the personal point of view of a victim. The dynamic of the poem, with the persistent address to ‘you’ and its question ‘Are your eyes believing’, implicates the reader in this man’s fate and also the larger situation of how this impinges on all of our lives. He uses the first person and present continuous tense used to give a pressing sense of urgency. The immediacy of the event is heightened by the insistent repetition of the present participles. There is a use of different types of line for various effects. In the final stanza all lines are end stopped indicating finality, that he has reached the end. In contrast other verses use enjambment, to disorientating effect, suggesting the enormity of the situation – both the dizzying height, the scale of the event and facing up to death. Caesuras are also used to powerful effect: ‘The depth is appalling. Appalling’ highlights the terror of the situation. The use of repetition, of verb forms and particular words and sounds to emphasise ideas and situations, asks the reader to contemplate the speaker’s situation, to look twice, not turn away. Also the use of questions throughout makes the readers ask why. What has caused this? Why does mankind behave like this? What is our own role and response to this? Has conflict become a media spectacle for entertainment? However, In ‘The Right Word’ Imtiaz Dharker (1954? ) uses the subtleties and connotations of language to explore perceptions and values, and challenge how we see and define our world. Born in Pakistan, Dharker was brought up in Glasgow and now lives in London, Wales and India. As such she belongs to many communities and has been said to see things from an outsider’s perspective. The poem, published in 2006, is one of ideas; it calls to mind Peter Ustinov’s aphorism: ‘Terrorism is the war of the poor and war is the terrorism of the rich’. Dharker’s poem explores the meaning and value of the labels we conveniently give to things, and reflects on the nature of writing and communication. The irony of the title is that there is no ‘right word’ and the poem considers the power of language to represent and even cause conflict by defining people and positions by our terms rather than understanding their views. As such it is ideological conflict as much as physical conflict, with competing parties holding different interpretations of the same event. Beginning with the word ‘terrorist’, a very loaded term in today’s world and the word she wishes to analyse – Dharker offers a number of alternatives to undermine glib assumptions that this might be ‘the right word’, or indeed the only word available. The title, initially a confident statement, becomes tentative and questioning, and by the end of the poem Dharker offers a different way of seeing the world. The terrorist is introduced ‘Outside the door, / lurking in the shadows’, a concrete and an ambiguous place which suggests the threat of terrorism that hangs over society today. Dharker challenges that description and offers various others (‘freedom fighter’ ‘guerilla warrior’ ‘matyr’) which encourage the reader to reflect on the use of terms that label and stereotype people and can deny more thoughtful attempts at understanding. Towards the end of the poem Dharker offers more personal, but also indisputable, names for the person ‘Outside the door’ – ‘child’, ‘boy’ and ‘son’. These are inclusive rather than divisive terms, which stress relationships and connections rather than fear and threat. She ends the poem on a positive note, inviting the person outside the door into the house where, treated with respect, he behaves with respect, taking off his shoes. Dharker is making a plea for us to be inclusive, to be understanding in many ways it is the word ‘outside’ which is the problem.

The acquisition of People soft company by Oracle.

From an individual point of view, the largely publicized dispute between People soft and Oracle; companies in the business of developing and installing software for business entities, which took centre stage in 2003 still triggers varied reactions from major players in the enterprise resource planning industry.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on The acquisition of People soft company by Oracle. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A highly emotive debate has been evoked among academic and technical circles to try and put the tale of Oracle’s move to acquire People soft into perspective. Oracle on its part had considered to acquire people soft a year before it came up with the widely disputed antic of taking over the company, a move largely viewed by critics as being malicious and of bad intent. The board at People soft took a rigid stand against Oracle’s intension to acquire the company it had come up with an insulting and rather unusual bid of $ 16 which represented a mere six percent premium. This preposition was quite unacceptable since the norm in serious bidding activities held the threshold at a whopping twenty percent or more. The company’s chief executive Craig Conway supposedly sensed bad faith on Oracle’s part which also played a major role in the company’s unanimous decision to reject the deal since it viewed the move as a ploy to prevent them from taking over another major player by the name J.D. Edwards. The move would also destabilize their stake at the stock market. The bid brought to light by Oracle Company also came out to be a unique one with respect to the fact that it would prevent customers from continuing to seek services from People soft as a result of the fear of what a takeover by another company would imply. Under these circumstances, if Oracle would have been willing to pay a higher price for the competitor’s shares to induc e its shareholders into selling their shares, then the board would have been rendered helpless and unable to stop the former from taking over the company’s ownership. A litany of scandals also worked against Oracle’s bid to acquire its competitor firm with critics terming the move as having been actuated by malice and being utterly insensitive, allegations which necessitated the management’s introduction of stringent measures to counter. This state of affairs held no grounds to victimize Oracle since not even a saintlier of evidence could be tabled to attest to that fact.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In spite of all the odds that surrounded the Oracle acquisition of People soft, certain measures had been put in place by the board of directors to ensure that in the event of an imminent takeover, a reasonable criteria would be observed to ensure th at everybody’s best interests be taken into account. Among those conditions to be considered included the introduction of a customer assurance plan which would ensure the protection of customer interests so as to build customer confidence. The board also put a lot of emphasis on the acquisition of J.D. Edwards so as to secure the company’s stability. The rejection of the 16% share bid on the grounds of being too low also came up to be a determining condition for consideration by the board before making the all important decision of selling the company’s shares. At the inception of People soft, foresight is quite evident since measures were put in place to ensure that in the event of a hostile and non-friendly acquisition of the company, formidable opposition would be rolled out to counter them. Popularly known as the poison pill, it basically stipulated conditions which failure to adhere to would deter one from assuming ownership of the company. It stipulated co nditions which included a minimum share purchase of not less than twenty percent which would increase every time an acquirer increased their net worth above that minimum. The objective of this move was to maintain an acquirer’s stakes at less than twenty percent. Despite the well placed objective of seeing to it that a rogue takeover would not occur, the poison pill was not a complete barricade that would keep wealthy skimmers at bay since they could still take their time and wedge a proxy battle which would eventually see them install their own board members who would subsequently discard the poison pill. These concerns hence formed the basis for the protracted court battles between the two companies which resulted in Oracle’s unprecedented increase of their bidding price resoundingly by five times. This move eventually brokered the deal which saw Oracle part with 10.3 billion dollars and eventually putting a stop to the unending court battles.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on The acquisition of People soft company by Oracle. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In conclusion, it is imperative to appreciate the fact that despite Oracle’s intensions which fueled the urge to acquire People soft company which were rather harsh and unethical, what is quite eminent is the fact that a more respectful and liberal approach towards acquiring the company by Oracle would have saved both companies time, money and the agony of going through the tedious court and settlement procedures. References Chaturvedi, R. (2005). Oracle’s Acquisition of PeopleSoft. ICFAI center for Management research. European Case Clearing House , Case no.305-169-1. Madpati, R. (2005). Oracle’s PeopleSoft Bid (Part D). ICFAI Knowledge Center.  European Case Clearing House , Case no. 305-072-01. Watson, R. (2012). Ethics in finance. ethics and conduct of business, sixth edition , 341- 344. This coursework on The acquisition of People soft company by Oracle. was written and submitted by user Asher Sheppard to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

British family structures - changes since WW2 essays

British family structures - changes since WW2 essays Discuss the ways in which British family structures may have changed since the Second World War. In order to discuss and evaluate any changes which may have taken place within the structure of the British family after the Second World War, it is first necessary to examine the structures of the family unit prior to the Second World War. Only then will it be possible to make comparisons between the two. In this essay I shall look at overall family structures, more specifically the gender roles played out by men and women within the family. Before considering these, I shall begin by exploring what is meant and understood by family and whether the definition of family can include households composed of single parents and their children, childless and cohabiting couples and same-sex relationships. Definitions are always crucial in discussing social issues, because a word such as family is almost inevitably laden with value-based meanings. As society has changed and attitudes and values have influenced sociological thinking, some theorists have redefined the terms in which family is studied and discussed. The Oxford Dictionary definition of family is: members of a household, parents, children, servants etc...sets of parents and children, living together or not. This definition reaches to the heart of the difficulties in defining family, as it identifies two of the main ways people have tried to describe it. Elliot comments that the definition of family as a unit consisting of a husband and wife, and their children is very much a concept belonging to modern Western society. She emphasises the fact that society often defines family by a set of value-based assumptions rather than a careful and precise analysis, pointing out: This unit is widely thought of as a group based on marriage and biological parenthood, as sharing a common residence and as united by ties of affection,...

Business Research Applications Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Research Applications Paper - Essay Example Research happens to be an integral part of any science and medicine related company. Merck & Co., Inc. is also a global research-driven pharmaceutical company. Established in 1891, Merck discovers, develops, manufactures and markets vaccines and medicines to address unmet medical needs. The stated mission1 of Merck is, "To provide society with superior products and services by developing innovations and solutions that improve the quality of life and satisfy customer needs, and to provide employees with meaningful work and advancement opportunities, and investors with a superior rate of return." With this mission the company has been carrying on the producing medicines for different needs. Core values with which the company operates its business are; v. Recognizing that the ability to excel -- to most competitively meet society's and customers' needs -- depends on the integrity, knowledge, imagination, skill, diversity and teamwork of company's employees. Company has affirmed its respect to these qualities and how it values these qualities most highly. Traditionally 'maximizing' profits has been considered to be the objective of any organization. Not any more.This criteria has been discarded. Now organizations are supposed to have multiple objectives, monetary as well as non-monetary. There are short-term objectives as well as long-term ones. Research is an important tool for long term objective strategies. It helps in value creation as well. Value addition is one of the best strategies to take on the competitors. The term "value" can be defined in different ways according to the adopted perspective of the analysis: it is possible to determine a "customer value", a "firm value", a "stakeholder value" (Mele and Colurci, 2006). Research Activities at Merck Merck has a shown its commitment to research and developmental activities. For example the company invested $4.8 billion towards Research and development investment in the year 2006. In a pioneering effort Merck has associated itself with HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN), an international collaboration of scientists and institutions sharing all their trials and results in the field of aids medicine. This network is actively pursuing the research headed towards discovering a medicine for Aids. This network shares trial results of researches being carried out by different companies and scientist organisations. The HVTN also facilitates parallel and concurrent testing of the effects of new experiments and medicines. The HVTN is a unique hybrid combining the depth and diversity of the academic community and the flexibility of a commercial drug company like Merck. Working with industry and government, the HVTN seeks to expedite and coordinate the trial process, advancing vaccine candidat es and building a body of knowledge about HIV vaccine trials. This network is the most ambitious one in the industry with

The Big Parallel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Big Parallel - Essay Example The paper herein seeks to compare keenly and contrast the teachings that are contained in the Quran and those in the Hebrews Bible as well as in the New Testament. In addition, the paper will carefully bring into focus most of the theological issues such as the ritual aspects of Islam, the ethical nature of Allah, the doctrines of creation among other issues. The Bible and Qur’an normally have several similarities, as both are considered holy by Christians and the Muslims respectively. Both are comprised of teachings, narratives, poetry whereby in both, there is rebuking in case one goes off the line of expectations by the teachings. In both, there are clear teachings of the how the creation came into existence all by a Supreme Being. In the Qur’an, Muslims believe that God dictated every word in the Holy book, therefore; it is perfect just like God to them is (Warraq 34). Equally, the Christians believe that the Bible is simply true as it was written by people that were inspired by God Himself. Christians firmly believe that the bible is indeed an actual record of Almighty God’s revelation to the Jews and even through Christ Jesus. The two holy books are accorded sufficient respect. The Bible and Quran have used a lot of common figures. For instance, for the same narratives both identify the prophets such as Imram, Enoch, Ishmael and Job. In the teachings of both Quran and the Bible, there is a common belief that Jesus for Christians and Mohammad for Muslims was a messenger of one God. Therefore believing major people such as Moses, Jesus, Adam and Muhammad is a definite requirement for all people that associate themselves with Islam or Christianity. As Christians, the Muslims as well have a strong belief that Mary was chaste and was a virgin who miraculously brought forth Jesus. In addition, the Christians and Muslims have faith in the teachings that Jesus was able to perform miracles (Taussig 20). To Muslims, they believe that

Police Brutality Among Nigerian Males In Philadelphia Essay Example for Free

Police Brutality Among Nigerian Males In Philadelphia Essay Cultural prejudice is like a virus that is transmitted from human to human and like a parasite eats up a society and its reasoning. These prejudices are reflected in our day to day life. How often we see a white women shying away from young African American male on the street reflecting the basic stereotyped assumptions that we make about others every day. These inevitable behaviors of which most of us are victims remain unresolved because of the unconscious state it has entered. Likewise, people who have been victims of racism in the past develop an extreme judgmental attitude, often labeling a simple act as a racist, failing them to ever see well in others. Marilyn French, a feminist fiction writer, in her work on â€Å"Beyond Power: On Women, Men and Morals (1986),† interprets such bigot behavior as an outcome of a patriarchal world that is lured by power and control over women, children, property, and other men; and subsequently enticed with the idea of superiority using skin color, wealth, religion and ethnicity as its variable. She suggests that the masculine principle is governed by aggressiveness which prevails over the cultural values ascribed to the feminine principle. Quoting from her work, â€Å"World wide patriarchal values and perspectives are so pervasive; many people believe them to be inevitable. Such thinkers believe feminine principle oriented cultures became instinct because of the superiority of Western patriarchy†. She further emphasizes that since western people are oriented in a masculine thought; its end result is anything but cultural prejudice. Further, delving on this theory she suggests that we all are members of the â€Å"in- groups† that offers us a feeling of belongingness and comfort. And all others become members of the â€Å"out-groups†. It is taken as a fact that members of one group will always be antagonist to the members of the other group. Marilyn calls it a â€Å"self justifying dialogue that keeps us from self analysis mixing beliefs with attitudes and values, and morality with ethics† (French, 1985, p. 19). We obediently keep practicing what we have been taught in our lifetime, i. . â€Å"what to think† of those who are members of the opposite group instead of â€Å"how to think† and in turn delaying our judgment about others. Our faculty has stopped responding to a logical reasoning and it has simply turned into a mechanical thought process. Leading all of us to becoming racist, ageist, and ethnocentric in this patriarchal culture. An authoritarian personality clings on to the conventional values of their culture, and refuses at any time the need of self – introspection (Breslin, 1974, p. 51). While delving on this type, Mumia Abu-Jamal stands as a case in point. Mumia Abu – Jamal, a famous radio journalist in Philadelphia was also known as â€Å"the voice of the voiceless†. He used to report on issues concerning police brutality, misconduct and racism on the minority communities and especially, the African American community. In 1981, he became a victim himself of things he always fought against. On December night, 1981, while driving a cab to supplement his income earned through journalism, Abu Jamal drove pass his brother who was being beaten up by the police officer, Daniel Faulkner for traffic violation. Shortly, a gun fire broke out leaving both the police officer and Abu- Jamal injured. Unfortunately, the officer succumbed to his injuries while Abu –Jamal recovered through a surgery. He was trialed for the Officer Daniel Faulkner’s murder case and given a death sentence. However, at the insistence of Philadelphia District Attorney Lynn Abraham, Abu – Jamal is currently not facing the death penalty. This is a typical case of a social conflict between individuals and collectivities. Interpreting Abu – Jamal’s case through Lane Cormick’s work, this situation can be termed as a crisis. The media and many literary discussions have depicted this case as that of prejudice and racial discrimination. Race and ethnicity are hence, seen as the controlling dynamics in this case. Dave Lindorff, an investigative reporter in his book on â€Å" Killing Time: An Investigation Into the Death Row Case of Mumia Abu – Jamal†, stated that at the time of Abu – Jamal’s arrest, the Philadelphia Police Department was indeed the most corrupt enforcement operations in the nation. Hence, the decision made by the United States’ judicial system , awarding death sentence to Abu- Jamal, based on the evidences put forth by the Philadelphia police has been widely criticized and challenged. This decision has been labeled as an outcome of cultural prejudice in a society that stands as an epitome of liberty. The United States’ judicial system has been attributed for its racism and discrimination against defendants of color. Noam Chomsky while reflecting on this case called the U. S. prison system a class and a race war. He further emphasized that Abu – Jamal is just one illustration of what’s called â€Å"social cleansing† in US. Philadelphia police is known for its notoriety. The racist attitude that it thrives on is also not hidden from the public. The killing of a young black man, Bryan Jones on the morning of January 1, 2007 is just one in a million cases reflecting brutality dipped with prejudice and racism practiced by the Philadelphia police. According to the Welcoming Center for new Pennsylvanians, seven percent of Philadelphia’s immigrants come from Africa mainly comprising of Nigerians who form the largest African group in this region. Every now and then, there are cases heard against the Police Department of Philadelphia for ill – treating the Africans. Scholars suggest that off all prejudice, the most critical is the Attitudinal Prejudice reflected (in this case) in the Philadelphia police also explaining the reasons of brutality that’s practiced on these minority races. W. T. Jones in his work on â€Å"Perspectives on ethnicity. New direction for student services†, explains that â€Å"attitudinal prejudice refers to a negative attitude toward a person or group based upon a social comparison process in which the individual’s own group is taken as the positive point of reference. † (Jones, 1972, p. 6). Further, to combat the ‘isms’ requires new value assumptions and new social learning.

Gray-Hat Hacking Essay -- Computers Technology Hackers Essays Research

Gray-Hat Hacking Overview Computer security is a growing concern with the onset of always-on connections in the home and the emerging global network. More and more people become connected everyday. The reliance on computers in our daily lives has increased the need for security and has shifted the ethical line for hackers and hacking. â€Å"A hacker is someone with deep knowledge of and great interest in a system. A hacker is someone who likes to delve into the inner workings of a system to find out how it works.†2 The definition of a hacker has been skewed in recent years by the press to connotate people who break into computer systems. The term has also evolved to represent people who protect computer systems and those that break into them. These newly termed hackers can be classified into three categories white-hat, black-hat, and gray-hat hackers. White-hat hackers are employed by corporations and work on the good side to secure computer systems without breaking into them. Black-hat hackers work on the bad side and attempt to compromise systems in illegal ways. Gray-hat hackers occupy the gray space of hacking and break into systems to learn and expose flaws, often as a service to the computer community. The ethical line dividing white-hat hackers and black-hat hackers is clear. However, the line that separates gray-hat hackers from black-hat hackers is constantly shifting in the new global network. Hacking that may have been considered ethical yesterday may not be true today due to the impact on global systems in the form of dollars loss and downtime. Hacking has evolved from simply having knowledge of systems by harmlessly breaking into them to an issue of security and computer crimes (cybercrimes). Hacking attac... ...um Copyright Act, 1998, http://www.copyright.gov/legislation/dmca.pdf 5 Deborah Radcliff, Playing by Europe’s rule, 2001, http://www.computerworld.com/securitytopics/security/story/0,10801,62057,00.html 6 US Department of Justice, Federal Computer Intrusion Laws, http://www.usdoj.gov/criminal/cybercrime/cclaws.html 7 Council of Europe, Convention on Cybercrime CETS No.:185, 2001, http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/cadreprincipal.htm 8 CSI / FBI, Computer Crime and Security Survey, 2003, http://i.cmpnet.com/gocsi/db_area/pdfs/fbi/FBI2003.pdf 9 George W. Bush, President’s Message to the Senate on the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime, 2003, http://www.usdoj.gov/criminal/cybercrime/senateCoe.pdf 10 US Department of Justice, FAQ on Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime, 2003, http://www.usdoj.gov/criminal/cybercrime/COEFAQs.htm

Implement Person Centred Approaches in Health and Social Care Essay

1.1 Understand person centered approaches for care and support Person centred values is a theory developed by Carl Rogers that trusted the innate tendency (known as the actualising tendency) of human beings to find fulfilment of their personal potentials. An important part of this theory is that in a particular psychological environment, the fulfilment of personal potentials includes sociability, the need to be with other human beings and a desire to know and be known by other people. It also includes being open to experience, being trusting and trustworthy, being curious about the world and being creative and compassionate. It is important to work in a way that embeds person centred values so that a person feels free from threat, both physically and psychologically. This environment could be achieved when being in a relationship with a person who was deeply understanding (empathic), accepting (having unconditional positive regard) and genuine (congruent). Risk taking can be part of a person centred approach as we would choose to use positive and informed risk taking which would involve building a positive view of the individual, and seeking to learn what a persons gifts and skills are and what people admire about them. In person centred thinking we also explore the consequences of not taking the risk so that these may be balanced against the consequences of taking the risk. Using an individuals care plan contributes to working in a person centred way as this would be constructed by the client with the support of the care worker so that the client has full control over their recovery, instead of the support plan being constructed by the care worker whereby the client feels as if they have no control of their recovery. 1.2 Work in a person centred way In order to find out the history, preferences, wishes and needs of an individual I would refer to any previous files held with regards to that person, as well as discussing directly with the client what the preferenes etc. of that person are. I use person centred values in everyday working as I am an extremely empathic, accepting and congruent person. 1.3 Establishing consent when providing care or support Informed consent is important to establish when providing care or support so that the client is fully aware of their responsibilities, any actions that will be taken and the consequences of either taking or not taking a particular action or decision. In UK case law it has been established that consent must be given by a person with mental ability to do so, sufficient information should be given to the individual and they should not be coerced into giving consent, if these are not met then consent is considered to be invalid. The process of establishing informed consent will vary according to individuals assessed capacity to consent. If informed consent can not be readily established then we must abide by the individuals wishes after explaining fully the consequences of not consenting to a certain action. If a person is mentally incapable of providing their consent then we must refer to any care or support plan or legal documentation that may have been established whilst they were capable of making an informed decision. If none of these are available then consent can be given by their next of kin, but we must involve the individual in the process as much as possible. We do however have a ‘duty of care’ to a person, if the persons health and safety is at an immediate risk then certain actions can be taken in order to prevent any immediate risk to that person. 1.4 Encourage active participation Active participation benefits an individual as it recognises an individuals right to participate in the activities and relationships of everyday life as independently as possible. The individual is regarded as an active participant in their own care and support rather than a passive recipient. Possible barriers to active participation may include, amongst others, the mental or physical disability of an individual. 1.5 Support the individuals right to make choices I would support an individual to make informed choices by giving the individual full information with regards to the positive and negative effects of any decisions they make and respect their wish to make that decision. I would use agreed risk assessment processes so that the client was fully aware of any risks involved with regards to any decision they make and would also discuss this with my manager. A workers personal view should not influence an individuals choices as everyone is an individual in their own right and and therefore should be able to make their own choices as their interests would be different to a workers. I would support an individual to question or challenge any decision made by others by giving the individual full information with regards to that decision in an unbiased manner, if the individual wanted to make any changes with that decision then I would discuss this with my manager and use agreed risk assessment processes to enable the individual to make those changes. 1.6 Promote individuals’ well-being Individual identity and self esteem are linked with well-being as everyone has their own interests and what one person may find interesting another person may not find interesting, for example, if a person is religious and attends church they find that this is part of their identity and promotes their own self esteem as they may feel they are doing their service to God. Another person may not believe in God and find attending church boring, therefore they may feel that they are being pressured into a belief that they disagree with, therefore taking away the psychological identity of an individual. Other aspects relating to well-being may include spiritual, emotional, cultural, social and political. Attitudes and approaches that are likely to promote an individual’s well-being include listening to and treating an individuals decision with respect and enabling them to implement these into the everyday life, after giving the individual all information available in an unbiased manner, for example, if an individual decided that they wanted to attend church then no matter what my own opinions on this matter may be, I would help the individual to attend church and if necessary attend church with them.

Pro Doping in Sports Debate - 825 Words

Health Risk If each of us ought to be free to assume risks that we think are worth taking, shouldnt athletes have the same freedom as anyone else? In particular, if athletes prefer the gains in performance allegedly provided by the use of steroids, along with the increased risk of harm to the alternative of less risk and worse performance, what gives anyone the right to interfere with their choice? After all, if we should not forbid smokers from risking their health by smoking, why should we prohibit track stars or weightlifters from taking risks with their health in pursuit of their goals? -Robert Simon, PhD Professor of Philosophy at Hamilton College Fair Play: The Ethics of Sport 2003 Seeking an ‘Unfair’ Advantage There is no†¦show more content†¦Legalization of the use of drugs in sport might even have some advantages. The boundary between the therapeutic and ergogenic - i.e., performance enhancing use of drugs is blurred at present and poses difficult quest ions for the controlling bodies of anti-doping practice and for sports doctors. The anti-doping rules often lead to complicated and costly administrative and medical follow-up to ascertain whether drugs taken by athletes are legitimate therapeutic agents or illicit. Furthermore, legalization of doping, we believe, would encourage more sensible, informed use of drugs in amateur sport, leading to an overall decline in the rate of health problems associated with doping. Finally, by allowing medically supervised doping, the drugs used could be assessed for a clearer view of what is dangerous and what is not... Acknowledging the importance of rules in sports, which might include the prohibition of doping, is, in itself, not problematic. However, a problem arises when the application of these rules is beset with diminishing returns: escalating costs and questionable effectiveness. Bengt Kayser, MD, PhD Professor of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva Alexandre Mauron, PhD Professor of Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva Andy Miah, PhD Read er in New Media and Bioethics at the School of Media, Language, and Music at the University of the West of Scotland Viewpoint:Show MoreRelatedUse of Steroids by Athletes Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pagesathletes said yes. As we can infer from the above survey, a large number of professional athletes are willing to risk their lives for the chance of victory and recognition. The controversy of doping in sports is centered on the use of drugs to increase speed, strength, intensity and endurance. 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